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This article gives a list of captive orcas, or killer whales, large predatory marine mammals that were first captured live and displayed in exhibitions in the 1960s, or were subsequently born in captivity. They soon became popular attractions at public aquariums and aquatic theme parks due to their intelligence, trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Orcas in captivity )〕 As of September 2015, 58 orcas are held captive at facilities in North and South America, Europe and Asia, providing entertainment for theme park visitors.〔("Tank Worlds" ) Orca Home. Retrieved September 30, 2015.〕 The first North Eastern Pacific orca, Wanda, was captured in November 1961 by a collecting crew from Marineland of the Pacific, and over the next 15 years, around 60 or 70 Killer Whales were taken from Pacific waters for this purpose.〔Heimlich, Sara and Boran, James. ''Killer Whales'' (2001) Voyageur Press, Stillwater, Minnesota.〕 When the US Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 effectively stopped the capture of Pacific orcas, captures were made in Icelandic waters.〔("A Whale of a Business" ) PBS, Reproduced from "The Performing Orca, Why the Show Must Stop" by Erich Hoyt. Retrieved February 14, 2009.〕 Since 2010, captures have been made in Russian waters. The majority of orcas on display in the West (USA, Canada, Argentina, Spain, and France), 29 of 38, were born in captivity. In the East, 6 of the 7 displayed in Japan are captive-born. An additional 13 orcas reported in China and Russia were evidently captured in Russian waters. Kalina, born in September 1985, was the first captive-born orca calf to survive more than a few days. In September 2001, Kasatka gave birth to Nakai, the first orca conceived through artificial insemination, at SeaWorld San Diego.〔("Artificially inseminated killer whale gives birth" ) BBC. Retrieved February 14, 2009.〕 This technique lets park owners maintain a more healthy genetic mix in the small groups of orcas at each park, while avoiding the stress of moving orcas for breeding purposes.〔("Artificial Insemination Produces Killer Whales" ) Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Retrieved February 14, 2009.〕 Listing== ==Individuals== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of captive orcas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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